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MATH VOCABULARY
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All vocabulary words can also be located in the Multimedia Math Glossary on the Learning Site at www.harcourtschool.com/hspmath/
Chapter 1-Addition Facts and Strategies
In this chapter we will explore how basic fact strategies for addition are based on number patterns and relationships.
Vocabulary
number sentence-a sentence that uses an equal sign to indicate that the expressions on both sides of the equal sign have the same value add-to join two groups
count one-math strategy used when one of the addends is 1,2, or 3
sum-the answer to an addition problem
addends-any of the numbers that are added
doubles-an addition fact in which both of the addends are the same
doubles plus one- an addition fact in which one of the addends is 1 more than the other addend
rule- a procedure to determine an "output" value from an "input" value
Chapter 2-Subtraction Facts and Strategies
In this chapter we will explore how basic fact strategies for subtraction are based on counting back and using the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction.
Vocabulary
subtract-to take away objects from a group to compare groups
take away-to remove
compare-to describe whether numbers are equal to, less than, or greater than each other
count back- a mental math strategy used when the number to be subtracted is 1, 2, or 3
difference-the answer in a subtraction problem
fact family-an addition and a subtraction fact family using the same three numbers to form addition and subtraction sentences
missing addend-as addend that needs to be found to complete an addition sentence
Chapter 3-Place Value to 100
In this chapter we will explore how numbers are named using the digits 0-9 and are grouped in sets of tens, hundreds, and so on. Also the position of a digit determines its value.
Vocabulary
ones-the value of a digit in the ones position on a place value chart
tens-the value of a digit in the tens position on a place value chart
digits-the symbols used in a number system
estimate-an amount that tells about how many
Chapter 4-Number Concepts and Patterns
In this chapter numbers are compared and ordered according to their relative values.
Vocabulary
ordinal number-a number that tells the position of an object or person in a series
is greater than > more in size, quantity, or amount
is less than < smaller in size, quantity, or amount
is equal to = has the same value
greatest-the most in size, quantity, or amount
least-the smallest in size, quantify, or amount
round-to estimate by replacing a number with another number that tells about how many
even-a whole number that can be grouped in twos with no remainder
odd-a whole number that cannot be grouped in twos; there is always a remainder of one
skip count-to count by twos, threes, fours, fives, tens, hundreds, or some other number
Chapter 5-2-Digit Addition
In this chapter we explore how addition of multi-digit numbers is based on basic addition facts and base-ten and place-value concepts.
Vocabulary
regroup-an action that involves changing a number from one form into an equivalent form
Chapter 6-2-Digit Addition
In this chapter numbers are broken apart and grouped in different ways to make calculations simpler.
Vocabulary(from previous chapters)
digit
regroup
Chapter 7-2-Digit Subtraction
In this chapter subtraction of multi-digit numbers is based on basic subtraction facts and base-ten and place-value concepts.
Vocabulary(from previous chapters)
regroup
difference
Chapter 8-2-Digit Subtraction
In this chapter numbers are broken apart and grouped in different ways to make calculations simpler.
Vocabulary
regroup
Chapter 9-Data and Graphs
In this chapter we explore how the type of data determines the best graphical format to visually represent the data.
Vocabulary
survey-a detailed study or poll
tally marks-marks used on a tally table to record how many
bar graphs-a kind of graph that uses bars to show information
pictograph-a kind of graph that uses pictures to show information: each picture can represent 1 or more items
key-statement on a pictograph to tell how many each picture stands for
line plots-a graph that records each piece of data on a line
range-the difference between the greatest and least number in a set of numerical data
mode-the number that appears most often in a set of data
grid-a pattern of intersecting lines that divide a graph into squares
points-positions defined by their locations on a coordinate grid
Chapter 10-Probability
In this chapter we explore how probability can provide a basis for making predictions.
Vocabulary
event-something that may or may not happen
certain-sure to happen or be done
iimpossible-not able to happen or be done
more likely-when comparing two events, the event that has a better chance of happening
less likely-when comparing two events, the event that has the lesser chance of happening
outcome-a possible result of an experiment or other situation
equally likely-having the same chance of happening
Chapter 11-Count Money
Students count a combination of coins.
Vocabulary
dime
nickel
penny
half dollar
quarter
Chapter 12-Use Money
In this chapter students compare money amounts, add and subtract money using the basic facts and concepts of whole number and decimal place value.
Vocabulary
dollar
dollar sign
decimal point-a symbol used to separate dollars from cents in money amounts.
change-amount of money returned to the customer after paying for an item with more money than the item cost
Chapter 13-Time
Students will tell time to the minute. Students will also determine how much time has passed from the start to the finish of an event.
Vocabulary
minute
hour
A.M.
P.M.
midnight
noon
half hour
quarter hour
weeks
months
years
Chapter 14-Solid Figures
Students will describe, sort, and classify three dimensional objects.
Vocabulary
sphere-a 3-dimensional figure whose curved surface is the same distance from the center at all points
cone-a 3-dimensional,pointed figure with a flat, round base
cube-a 3-dimensional figure with six congruent square faces
cylinder-a 3-dimensional figure that is shaped like a can
rectangular prism-a 3-dimensional figure on which all six faces are rectangles
pyramid-a 3-dimensional figure with a base that is a polygon and three or more other faces that are triangles
flat surface-the flat part or parts of the covering of a solid figure
curved surface-the curved part of the covering of a solid figure
face-a polygon on a solid figure
edge-a line segment formed where two faces of a 3 dimensional figure meet
vertex-vertices on a 3-dimensional figure, a point where three or more edges meet
Chapter 15-Plane Figures and Spatial Sense
Students will compare, sort, and classify two-dimensional figures according to their geometric properties and show that the figures can be moved in a place or space.
Vocabulary
plane figures-geometric figures that have no thickness
triangle
square
hexagon
rhombus-a closed plane figure with 4 sides and two pairs of parallel sides
rectangle
trapezoid-a closed plane figure with 2 sides parallel and 2 sides not parallel
circle
pentagon
octagon
decagon
vertex
side-the straight part of a plane figure
slide-the movement of an object to a new position without turning or flipping it
flip-the movement of a shape over a line
turn-the movement of a shape around a fixed point
congruent-having the same size and same shape
line of symmetry-a line dividing a shape into two congruent parts that match when one part is folded over the line
Chapter 16-Patterns
Students will identify, describe, extend, and generalize with words and symbols patterns.
Vocabulary
pattern unit-a set of objects or pictures that is repeated to form a pattern
repeating pattern-a repeating sequence or design
growing pattern-a kind of pattern in which items, pictures, or other elements are added at each step in a predictable way
Chapter 17-Length, Perimeter, and Area
Students will measure using a variety of units.
Vocabulary
inch
foot
yard
centimeter
meter
perimeter-the distance around a shape or figure
area-the number of square units that cover a 2-dimensional shape or figure
square unit-a square that is 1 unit wide and 1 unit long used to measure area.
Chapter 18-Weight, Mass. Capacity, and Temperature
Students will measure using a variety of units.
Vocabulary
weight
ounce
pound
mass-the amount of matter an object has
gram
kilogram
capacity-the amount that a container can hold
cup
pint
quart
gallon
liter
temperature
degrees Fahrenheit
degrees Celsius
Chapter 19-Fractions
Students will explore fractional parts of a whole or a group.
Vocabulary
fraction
whole
equal parts
Chapter 20-Place Value
Students will explore place value of ones, tens, and hundreds.
Vocabulary
hundreds
tens
ones
digits
Chapter 21-Compare and Order Greater Numbers
Students will compare and order numbers according to their relative values.
Vocabulary
is greater than >
is less than<
is equal to =
Chapter 22-3-Digit Addition
Students will add 3-digit numbers.
Vocabulary
regroup
hundreds
tens
ones
round
Chapter 23-3-Digit Subtraction
Students will subtract 3-digit numbers.
Vocabulary
dollar sign
decimal point
Chapter 24-Multiplication and Division Concepts
Students will explore how multiplication and division are inverse operations.
Vocabulary
equal groups
multiply
multiplication sentence
product-answer in a multiplication problem
array-an arrangement that shows objects in equal rows and columns
divide
division sentence
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